The Theosophy
King Arthur Pages
King
Arthur’s
Marriage
to Guinevere
Vortigern
Gwrtheyrn in Welsh
The
Meaning of the Name
The name Vortigern, which has been anglicized as, appears in the oldest Welsh records as Guorthigirn
and in modern Welsh as Gwrtheyrn. The Venerable Bede, writing in
Latin, uses the very early forms Vertigernus and Uurtigernus;
in the later Anglo-Saxon texts these are rendered as Wyrtgeorn.
The meaning is explained as ' High Lord' or 'Overlord'. Tigern-
does not quite have the meaning of 'King', which is usually represented in
names with the form 'Rex', as in Ri(othamus) or (Vortime)Rix,
though a more loose translation with 'king' may not be totally incorrect.
Superbus Tyrannus? Proud
Tyrant or Arrogant Usurper; The title bestowed on Vortigern by Gildas
Gildas
in his De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae “The Overthrow and Conquest of Britain” circa
540 CE does not seem to mention the name
of Vortigern, only the probable pun on his name, superbus tyrannus,
“Proud Tyrant or Arrogant Usurper” though some manuscripts of Gildas
actually do mention him directly.
This phrase, together with the occurrence of the name twice in the
works of the Venerable Bede and once in manuscript A of Gildas but not in the
oldest manuscript, C, had led to speculation among historians. The best
interpretation seems to be that British *Wortigernos was the man's
name, and only the fact that Mommsens's popular edition was based on manuscript
C, which lacked it, gave rise to these speculations of interpolation by Bede or
others in the first place.
We have seen that Gildas may have written superbo tyranno
Vortigerno after all, and that this may well be why it appeared in Bede.
In any case, the point is that in calling him 'arrogant usurper' he was
characteristically playing on the meaning of the British *Wortigernos
in exactly the same way as he did with that of Aurelius Caninus, Vortiporius,
Cuneglasus and Maelgwn.
Superbus tyrannus does not mean 'outstanding
ruler' or 'high king' and is not the Latin translation of *Wortigernos. Latin
superbus means 'arrogant', 'haughty' or 'proud', and most certainly
not 'superior'. Latin tyrannos was borrowed from Greek and had always
a negative meaning of unconstitutionality or despotism.
The name Vertigernus or Vortigern means overlord
or high lord. Gildas was punning it in his usual way, and getting an
offensive meaning out of it, by rendering *wor not by Latin super
but by superbus 'arrogant, proud', and *tigernos not by dominus
'lord' but by tyrannus 'despot, usurper'.
But Gildas may have had yet more in mind with choosing this pun. To
the latin reader, superbus had another meaning, namely that of the
name of Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud), the last (non-Roman)
ruler of
Theosophy
Avalon
King
Arthur &
The
Round Table
Merlin
& The Tree of Life
Merlin the Magician
Born circa 400 CE ; Welsh: Myrddin;
Latin: Merlinus; English: Merlin.
The
Holy Grail
The Theosophy
King
Arthur Pages
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Concerns about the fate of the
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Concerns are raised about the fate of
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An Outline of Theosophy
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Theosophy - What it is How is it Known?
The Method of Observation General Principles
The Three Great Truths Advantage Gained from this Knowledge
The Deity
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What Theosophy Is From the Absolute to Man
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Occultism and its Adepts The Theosophical Society
First Occult Experiences Teachings of Occult Philosophy
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Theosophy and the Masters General Principles
The Earth Chain Body and Astral Body Kama – Desire
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A Modern Revival of Ancient Wisdom
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Man in The Three Worlds Understand The Truth
Man and His Surroundings The Three Fates
The Pair of Triplets Thought, The Builder
Practical Meditation Will and Desire
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The Light for a Good Man Knowledge of Law The Opposing Schools
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